What does participant observation entail?

Participant observation is a qualitative research method that involves the researcher immersing themselves in the daily life and environment of the subjects they are studying. This engagement allows the researcher not only to observe behaviors and interactions but also to gain a deeper understanding of the context and meanings behind those behaviors. By participating in the activities and experiences of the subjects, the researcher can collect rich, detailed data that may not be accessible through other research methods. This approach enhances the researcher's insights and can lead to a more nuanced interpretation of social phenomena.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of participant observation. For example, remaining a passive observer, using exclusively secondary data, or excluding interaction with the subjects would not allow for the depth and richness of understanding that participant observation aims to provide. In contrast, by actively engaging with the subjects and their environment, the researcher can uncover insights that are often missed when research is conducted from a distance or through secondary analysis.