What does sampling refer to in research methodology?

Sampling in research methodology specifically refers to selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population to represent that population effectively. This process is essential because it allows researchers to gather data and draw conclusions without having to analyze every member of the population, which can be impractical or impossible. By using a sample, researchers can obtain insights into the characteristics and behaviors of the larger population while saving time and resources.

Sampling is a foundational concept in both quantitative and qualitative research. It allows for the application of statistical analysis to infer trends and outcomes within the broader population based on the findings from the sample. Proper sampling techniques ensure that the sample is representative, which is crucial for the validity and reliability of the research outcomes. Thus, option B correctly captures the essence of sampling in research methodology.