What does the concept of 'cultural lag' refer to?

The concept of 'cultural lag' specifically refers to the phenomenon where non-material culture, which includes beliefs, values, and social norms, does not immediately adjust to changes in material culture, such as technology and physical objects. When society encounters new technologies or innovations, there is often a period of adjustment where the accompanying non-material aspects, like values and beliefs that guide behavior and practices, take time to catch up. This delay can result in social conflict or confusion as society grapples with integrating new advancements into existing cultural frameworks.

For instance, the rapid development of digital technology has led to significant changes in communication, privacy, and social interaction. The existing social norms around these issues may lag behind, creating tensions or disagreements about appropriate usage and ethical considerations. This highlights the dynamic nature of culture, where material advancements can outpace the evolution of social understanding and practice.

Consequently, the other choices do not capture the essence of 'cultural lag.' Immediate adaptation suggests a swift change that does not occur in reality, a rapid shift in cultural values misrepresents the gradual nature of this adjustment, and the idea of fixed cultural traditions overlooks the ongoing processes of cultural evolution and the inherent tensions that arise in modern societies.