What does the 'disengagement theory' explain about aging?

The disengagement theory explains that as individuals age, they naturally withdraw from social roles and relationships. This theory posits that this withdrawal is a mutual process beneficial to both the older individuals and society. Older adults may reduce their social interactions and responsibilities, allowing for a smoother transition as younger individuals take on more active roles in society.

This theory emphasizes that this disengagement is not necessarily negative; rather, it provides an opportunity for older adults to reflect on their lives and for society to renew its social structures by making space for younger generations. The focus is on the gradual shifting of roles, which is viewed as a normal part of the aging process, thereby highlighting the changing dynamics within social structures as people age.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the core premise of disengagement theory. Aging individuals becoming more socially active or maintaining strong social connections does not reflect the key components of disengagement; instead, these ideas typically align with other theories that emphasize continued social participation. Similarly, the notion that they play an important role in social mobility contradicts the central tenet of disengagement, which suggests a retreat from active social participation.