What is a key reason many victims do not report domestic violence, as noted by Kirkwood?

One key reason many victims do not report domestic violence, as highlighted by Kirkwood, is low self-esteem and dependency. Victims of domestic violence often experience a range of psychological effects that can severely impact their sense of self-worth. This diminished self-esteem may lead them to believe they are undeserving of better treatment or that they cannot escape their situation. Additionally, many victims may develop a dependency on their abuser, whether emotional, financial, or social, which can further complicate their ability to reach out for help or report the violence.

This phenomenon is rooted in the dynamics of abusive relationships, where the abuser often exerts control over the victim's life, making it difficult for them to envision a future beyond the relationship. This dependency may manifest as fear of losing financial support, housing, or even social connections that are tied to their abuser. Therefore, the combination of low self-esteem and a sense of dependency plays a significant role in preventing victims from seeking help or reporting domestic violence.