Which familial organization includes multiple partners for one individual?

The correct answer is polygamy. This familial organization involves the arrangement where an individual has multiple partners, which can manifest as either polygyny (one man with several women) or polyandry (one woman with several men).

Polygamy is distinct from monogamy, where an individual has only one partner at a time. The nuclear family, which consists of two parents and their children, does not encapsulate the concept of multiple partners. Similarly, a single-parent family specifically refers to one parent raising children alone, without any implication of multiple partners. Therefore, polygamy accurately describes a family structure characterized by having multiple partners for one individual, reflecting a broader and more complex understanding of family dynamics in various cultures.